ABSTRACT
Background: Incisional hernia is the second most common type of hernia after inguinal hernia. It is a complication of abdominal surgery, reported in up to 11% of patients generally and in up to 20% of those who developed post operative wound infection. The list of predictive factors associated with development of incisional hernia is obesity, diabetes mellitus, steroid, smoking, old age, malnutrition, COPD and type of incision.Methods: This was a hospital based cross sectional observational study carried out from February 2018 - October 2019 in surgery department of Dr. B.R.A.M. Hospital Raipur C.G, with diagnosis of incisional hernia. Total 100 patients were included in the study.Results: In present study the mean age of study subjects was 47.27±13.16 years. Around two-third 64% were females. 40% of perforation and 35% of LSCS cases later develop to Incisional hernia. Risk factors profile showed that 31% were alcoholic, 27% smokers, 48% pre-obese and 5% were obese. 36% were hypertensive, 48% diabetic, and 12% had constipation. 25% had prolonged cough, 35% had surgical site infection, 45% had anemia. Clinical presentation of study subjects showed that 63% had swelling, 33% had swelling and pain and 4% had obstruction.Conclusions: Incisional hernia is more common in female than males and in cases above the age of 45 years. It is more common in patients who underwent the previous surgery on an emergency basis especially in perforation and obstruction and LSCS cases. Risk factors associated with incisional hernia are smoker, alcoholic, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, constipation, prolong cough and anemia.
ABSTRACT
Background: Iodine Deficiency Disorder is major public health problem causing increased perinatal mortality, mental retardation and goiter and all these morbidities are preventable. Most effective and inexpensive mode to prevent IDD is consumption of iodized salt. Objectives: To estimate the proportion of households using adequately iodized salt in Begusarai district, to assess the knowledge of households on consumption and storage of salt and to estimate Total Goitre Rate (TGR). Material and Methods: Community- based cross sectional study carried out on 412 household from 30 cluster in Begusarai district using cluster sampling technique. Children (6-12 years) were examined clinically for goitre status and sample of household salt was collected for testing iodine content. Iodine content estimation was done both quantitatively by titration and qualitatively by MBI kit. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. Result: The respondents were mainly female (92.8%) of mean age 34 years. Three- fifth (61.6%) participants used packaged crushed salt for cooking purpose, followed by packaged crystal (30.5%). Only 12.1 % of the respondents gave affirmative answer for presence of label and logo. Storage of salt in container with lid was 78.5%. The proportion of household using adequately iodized salt was 78%. The sensitivity MBI kit was 61% and the Total goiter rate was 9.3%. Conclusion: The Begusarai district falls in mild public health problem for IDD as TGR is more than 5% and even after many decades of effort towards achieving an adequately salt iodization of more than 90%, it is 79% only.